How Copper Foil Roughness Affects Your Signals and Impedance, Blog

The history of engineering, both electrical and mechanical, is littered with approximations that have fallen by the wayside. These approximations worked well for a time and helped advance technology significantly over the decades. However, any model has limits on its applicability, and the typical RLCG transmission line model and frequency-independent impedance equations are no different.

Types of PCB Copper Foil for High-Frequency Design

Stackup Beware: Case Study of the Effects on Transmission Line

Mastering the Art of PCB Material Selection: Core vs. Prepreg for

Surface Roughness - The Teeth in Copper Jaw

The Effects on Transmission Line Losses Due to Mixed Reference

The Effects on Transmission Line Losses Due to Mixed Reference

Modeling Copper Foil Roughness in Altium Designer's Impedance Profiler, Blog

PDF] Semi-automatic copper foil surface roughness detection from

Effect of PCB Materials on High-speed Circuits - PCB Basic